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Seminal RNase
Bovine seminal RNase (BS-RNase) is a member of the ribonuclease superfamily produced by the bovine seminal vesicles. This enzyme can not be differentiated from its members distinctly since there are more features that this enzyme shares with its family members than features that it possess alone. The research on the question called How would a new function arise in proteins? in evolution led the scientists to find an uncommon consequence for a usual biological event called gene conversion in the case of Ribonuclease (RNase) protein family. The well known member of this family called RNase A (also called pancreatic RNase) expressed in pancreas of oxen, which serves to digest RNA in intestine, which arises from bacteria fermenting in first stomach of the ox. The homologous RNase called seminal RNase which differs from RNase A by 23 amino acids and express in seminal plasma in the concentration of 1-1.5 mg/ml which constitutes more than 3% of the fluid protein content. Bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS-RNase) is a homologue of RNase A with specific antitumor activity.
== Functional properties of Bovine seminal RNase ==
The physiological role of this enzyme is not yet found and hence it is still mystery that why the seminal fluid in bovine has such a higher concentration of this enzyme.In the evolutionary process, it has acquired new behaviors like being a dimer, with composite active sites binding firmly to anionic glycolipids, including bovine spermatozoa seminolipid which is a fusogenic sulfated galactolipid, possessing immunosuppressive and cytostatic activities whereas the ancestral RNase do not possess these behaviors. The homologue of RNase A, Bovine seminal Ribonuclease (BS-RNase) has a specific antitumor activity. In immunoregulation of genital systems of both male and female, the seminal plasma plays a prominent role in immunosuppression. The direct or indirect interference of the seminal plasma with the function of many types of immunocompetent cells including T cell, B cell and NK cells and macrophages. has been shown. These effects of immunosuppression are not species specific. and are found to be in physiological concentrations that are normally seen in the urogenital tract of females.〔 RNase secretion has not been detected in the seminal fluid of any other mammal.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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